Psychoanalysis and Trauma in Brazil - Literature Essay Samples

Terry Gilliam’s Brazil is a film so completely embedded with intentionally placed symbolism and plot that it is difficult to pinpoint a single theoretical lense in which to tackle the movie with; put simply, there is just too much going on. Aside from the inherently obvious themes (totalitarianism, new historicism, etc.), there remain several others in which provide a unique perspective on the film. One that is particularly appealing is the use of Freud’s psychoanalysis applied to the film’s protagonist, Sam Lowry. In the final and climactic moments of the text, the viewer witnesses the mental processes of psychosis and delusion that Lowry undergoes; this psychosis is a product of a medley of different traumas ranging from early childhood development to the more recent ones of his present situation. Before delving into the final passage of the film, it is necessary to establish some background information on Sam Lowry. As aforementioned, the film is so riddled with content that it can be difficult to find contextual footing to start. Perhaps then it is appropriate to start with the beginning; not of the film, but rather in regards to Lowry’s early development as a child. Little is revealed about Lowry specifically, however the viewer may pick up on several different scenes that help in shedding light on what his childhood may have looked like. An example of this are the scattered scenes throughout the film in which children of adolescence (around the preteen age) are playing with assault rifles (or at the very least objects that look like assault rifles; whether or not they are actual guns does not take away too much from the principle). One scene in particular comes to mind: there are a group of children, seemingly under the age of ten, who are patting down another child while holding their guns. When Lowry attempts to inquire about something, he is told by one of the children to â€Å"piss off†. The reader also may notice that in one of the opening scenes that there is a child playing with a rifle around the Christmas tree. Since there are so many kids seen with these guns combined with a lack of anything abnormal or deviant about their doing so, it may be implied that Lowry had a similar childhood experience. Early introduction to violence, weaponry, etc. has unfathomable impact on a highly impressionable child’s unconscious. By assigning normality to these things, that gives totalitarian influences a helping hand in molding Sam’s mental adjustment, confrontation, and ultimate submission to the type of society the viewer sees in the film. This society itself also plays an important role in Lowry’s life and development. Though one could write hundreds of pages only on totalitarianism in this movie, this paper attempts to focus on the psychology of Lowry. The bulk of the ideas behind totalitarianism are better left to a paper devoted entirely to just that; however, there are some psychological effects that this type of society will inherently yield, and several of these aspects are impossible to ignore. Hannah Arendt writes in The Origins of Totalitarianism that in a totalitarian regime, it forces the public to become a collective conscious by stripping people of individuality. Furthermore, once the conscious becomes collective, Arendt argues that the people of a society become superfluous and that once they reach this point, that is the pivotal moment in which a society can dispose of their citizens (115). We see the execution of citizens in this society constantly throughout the film. The government is an entit y that is completely integrated into the lives of its citizens. Examples of this such as the machines throughout government buildings that literally follow people with cameras as well as the ease in which government officials are able to coerce their way into people’s homes (such as in the opening scene when the dozen or so officers all with rifles drill through the ceiling and capture Buttle) make it so government presence is completely embedded in the lives of their citizens. Crucial to understanding Lowry and the psychoanalyzing of his delusion at the end of the text is that, in this totalitarian regime, Lowry had little to no excitement in his life. Not only that, but he preferred it that way. In fact, one of the defining features about him was his lack of ambition. In the text, Mr. Helpman says that Lowry was the only person to have ever turned down a promotion. Thus it may be inferred that he had a mostly insignificant and uneventful life, and that he even enjoyed it this way. The viewer must keep this in mind when analyzing the scope of traumas and stress that seemed to occur as a domino effect unto Sam. This character, who sought to avoid the excitement of promotion, underwent some of the following traumas and psychological stress (among other things): he had a gun pulled on him several times (once when Tuttle broke into his house, once by security at his own mother’s party, once by nearly a hundred government officers, and several other inst ances), he had his car sabotaged by children and then destroyed, he had his home ruined with ducts and wires sprawled all throughout the place to the point where he could not sleep without sitting in a chair and waking up entangled, he was forced to hang onto a speeding truck while the driver was attempting to knock him off in which he could have had serious injury or perhaps death, he took place in a chase with the police (a truly daunting event when considering the scope of his government) which resulted in his indirectly setting a man on fire, he was evicted, he heard the woman he loved get shot, etc. These are just some of the larger traumas; there is no shortage of events to inflict psychological stress unto Sam, and in such a short period of time. This summary is not for summarization’s sake, but rather to refresh the reader of the intense traumas that took place. It cannot be truly realized the impact of these traumas until they are compared with his former life, which was one of utter insignificance and invisibility. To dip further into psycho-analysis, Freud writes that certain traumas are often times too much for our conscious self to bear, and these traumas are sent into the unconscious. Freud says that, despite this, the repressed object will constantly attempt to resurface back into the conscious; he writes, â€Å"If a stream flows in two channels, an overflow of one will take place as soon as the current in the other meets with an obstacle.† (5). When repressed objects, such as trauma or psychological stress, become too great and clog the unconscious, there are effects that bleed over into the consciously physical self; these are the symptoms we see in hysterics: things like paralysis, depression, amnesia, etc. Freud recounts an instance in which a patient could not drink water, and continued not to (without knowing why) until a repressed, traumatic memory, which was the stem of the problem, was brought out of the unconscious. Lowry’s symptom was that of delusion and/or halluc ination. He faces immense psychological stress and trauma throughout the film, some of which I have already mentioned; it is no wonder his psychotic delusion emerged: the psychological stress was simply too much to bear, especially in the face of torture, and his unconscious began to overflow. Perhaps it is clear now what the familiar symbols represent in his delusion, for, â€Å"All the material making up the context of a dream is in some way derived from experience, that is to say, has been reproduced or remembered in the dream†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Freud 44). When analyzing the final passage of the text, the viewer must assume that the delusion begins with Jack (his only known friend in the movie who ends up being his torturer) getting shot by Tuttle conveniently before Jack begins to torture him. We can infer that this is the beginning of the delusion, as at the end of the film we see Jack and Mr. Goodman are, in reality, perfectly fine. Tuttle in his delusion seems to be this ultra-resourceful figure who exercises an odd amount of control and evasiveness of the government. For some reason, he is the vigilante who â€Å"outsmarts† the regime. His role in Lowry’s delusion likely stems from his helping Sam when his house’s cooling unit breaks. Tuttle is presented as someone who can (on a fairly microscopic scale) successfully rebel against the government. Despite the fact that all Tuttle is doing is presumably fixing people’s houses, Sam sees his actions as transcendent and resembling evasiveness for the governm ent, which is something he has never seen before. Perhaps that is why we see Tuttle as the ringleader in Sam’s rescue: Tuttle is the only hero, or the only figure akin to a hero, that Sam has experienced. Once escaped, Tuttle presents a detonation device which somehow brings the entirety of the Information Retrieval Headquarters to complete destruction. This, of course, is highly unlikely-impossible, really-in such a surveillant and cautious setting; however, the viewer may interpret it psychoanalytically as a mental rebellion against his government and everything that it stands for. Another symbol of potentially repressed thoughts in his delusion is his encounter with his mother, a superficial and rather cold character. We, as viewers, see his mother constantly trying to intervene in Sam’s life despite his persistent assertions against this intervention. It appears as though Sam’s mother does what she does not out of genuine altruism for her son, but rather for superficial appearances amongst her friends and colleagues. At another point in the film, we see Sam’s mother, deliberately in front of Sam, being flirtatious and promiscuous with three different men. One man, a Luis, is being overtly sexual with her in front of Sam. A second one comes and kisses her on the cheek. A third comes moments later and grabs her from behind before they run off together and play around promiscuously. This helps in explaining her obsession for plastic surgery: she is completely and utterly a cadillac for superficity. In another instance, Sam runs into his moth er’s friends who inquire if he is â€Å"shopping for a gift for his mother†. He distractedly agrees, oblivious to the fact that he is in a lingerie store. There are few scenes, if any, in which his mother is not linked to some sort of sexual interpretation. This can be hugely conflicting to Sam; to further concrete this confliction, when Sam goes to Mr. Goodman’s personal office, there is a picture of his mother on his desk. There are immense implications (sexual and otherwise) in this. Marrying this with the fact that there is virtually no mention of Sam’s father in the film shows the potential distortion of Sam’s perception of his mother. This is all ignoring the fact that perhaps the sole notable mention of Sam’s father is by means of Mr. Goodman himself. All of these things are crucial for interpreting the way we see Sam’s mother in his delusion: surrounded by men, giving a provocative wink to Sam, and then her utter ignoring of S am’s pleas for help. It shows the complete neglect that his mother gives to Sam and her prioritizing men and her superficity over her son. Then there is the perfect ending of his delusion: his escape of the hundreds of guards chasing him to safety outside of the city limits and into that of the paradisiacal natural setting with Jill. The fact that Jill is even there is complete denial (and perhaps the re-repressing) of Jill’s death. Other traumas/stresses leak their way into his delusion, but Jill’s reappearance and seemingly happy ending show that perhaps Jill’s death surpasses all of the other traumas to the point that it is repressed once again, even in his delusion; it is too much to bear. Perhaps then that is why in the final scene, we see the complete mental breakage of Sam. He stares blankly, in complete psychotic delusion, and hums to himself. This is the breaking point for Sam, the complete destruction of his psychological will and sanity. All of his traumas seem to attack him at once, and it results in a complete mental shutdown. Ultimately, Sam’s delusion confronts several of the major traumas he battles with throughout the film. His conscious is fighting to keep them at bay and send them back into repression, and thus is why we see the nightmare-ish delusion end in some form of impossible contentedness. This is Sam’s conscious’ last effort to preserve his attacked psyche. We get to see into all of his developmental and present traumas by means of his delusion and can thus interpret them psychoanalytically. This paper merely scratched the surface of a psychoanalytic interpretation of the film, let alone all of the other alternate theories in which this film may be viewed. But it provides insight as to how traumas and other psychological stresses contributed to his eventual mental breakdown. Gilliam gives us his view of a dystopian society and the complete mental suffocation it can induce, and he uses Lowry as an example of a potential possibility of what such a society can do to the mind . Works Cited Arendt, Hannah. The origins of Totalitarianism. N.p.: HardPress, 2016. Print. Freud, Sigmund. Great Books of the Western World. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1988. Print. Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. Basic Books, 2010. Print.

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension - 1509 Words

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Self Harm A Symptom Of Borderline Personality Disorder

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These functions include self-harm being used as a coping mechanism which provides temporary relief of intense feelings such as anxiety, depression, stress, emotional numbness or a sense of failure o r self-loathing and other mental traits including low self-esteem or perfectionism. Self-harm is often associated with a history of trauma and abuse, including emotional and sexual abuse. There are a number of different methods that can be used to treat self-harm and which concentrate on either treating the underlying causes or on treating the behaviour itself. When self-harm is associated with depression, antidepressant drugs and treatments may be effective. Other approaches involve avoidanceShow MoreRelatedBorderline Personality Disorder ( Borderline )872 Words   |  4 PagesBorderline Personality Disorder is a mental disorder characterized by instability in mood, impulsiveness, unstable relationships, and chronic emptiness. 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Providing Safe Health Care Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders

Question: Discuss about theProviding Safe Health Care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Answer: Introduction A good and safe health care is the right of every person, but the health care services are not enjoyed by all the people with so much ease. There are some obstructions and barriers that restrict some people from fully availing the health care services. There are various components that account for a culturally safe health care. In this essay, I am going to discuss various problems faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people and how better health care services can be provided to them. Barriers to health care access experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders There are certain factors that hinder the access to health care services (Chapman, Smith and Martin, 2014). I have mentioned some of them below: Language: According to the statistics provided by ABS, it is observed that in 2008 around 13% of the Aboriginal and Torres Islanders (in the age group 15 and above) speak languages other than English and about 15% of this group faced difficulty in communicating in English. So, the language sets a barrier in accessing quality health care services as a person from the aforementioned group is not able to discuss his health condition properly (ABS. Gov. au, 2016). Trust: This is another factor that causes people to avail the health care services. Data provided by ABS revealed that about 80% of adults have strong belief in their local doctors and hospitals (Abs.gov.au, 2016). Transport facilities: Around 71% adults live in the remote area where there is a lack of local transport facilities and they are not able to reach the health care providers when needed (Abs.gov.au, 2016). Telecommunication facilities: Majority of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders does not have internet access and this causes a problem in locating the health care providers in the vicinity (Nangala, 2008). Creating an Interpersonal Relationship I believe that the beliefs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people vary from the healthcare providers. Aboriginals focus on issuing respect and developing an interpersonal bonding between them and the healthcare provider. On the other hand, the healthcare providers are more interested in making the people comfortable to the physical environment changes. I think one should respect the culture and beliefs of others. Developing an interpersonal relationship is as important as making the patient comfortable with the system and physical environment changes. The patient should be treated with dignity, and there should not be any assault on an individuals identity. Every individual is different with a different perspective and the health care providers should respect that. They should be treated as they want themselves to be treated and not the way you want to treat them. As a health care provider, I think following the above-mentioned principles would help me treat my clients in a better way. They would be more comfortable in sharing every detail of their health conditions if they have a strong interpersonal relation with me (Hayman and Armstrong, 2014) Cultural Safety in Health Care Cultural safety is defined as an environment where an individual enjoys spiritual, social, emotional, and physical safety. An individuals identity is not challenged, assaulted, or denied in a culturally safe environment. Cultural safety is about sharing respect, knowledge, and learning together. The concept of cultural safety was started in 1980 in New Zealand to improve the quality of health care services provided to Maori people, who are the indigenous people of New Zealand. Now the concept of cultural safety is being introduced in the Australian nursing system also through educational institutions (McBain-Rigg and Veitch, 2011). People who feel culturally safe are more likely to avail health care services frequently, discuss their health concerns with ease. They tend to follow their health care providers routinely. As a result, cultural safety ensures increased patient outcomes (Willis, Smye and Rameka, 2006). I think the patients should not be asked to focus on any cultural dimension that does not belong to their own culture. Instead, we should be more flexible in our thinking and attitude towards different cultures. The people who do not possess a good command over the same language that we speak should be treated with patience. We should try to understand their concerns. Some of the key points to create a culturally safe environment are that one should reflect ones own culture, beliefs about others and attitude. I think establishing trust with the patient helps to achieve a more comfortable environment. One should recognize and avoid the stereotypical barriers that cause hindrance in providing quality hea lth care services (Sajiv, 2013). Improving Health Care Services I believe there is still a rift between the ideal health care quality and the actual health care that is being provided (Fredericks, 2006). There are certain factors that define ideal health care quality viz. safety, efficiency, equity, timeliness, patient-centeredness and effectiveness. Most important of these factors is equity, which aims at ensuring quality health care services for all regardless of their ethnicity, race or any other personal characteristic of the patient (Hayman, 2011). Other factors can be defined explained as: Safety: to treat the patient safely without causing any care related injuries. Timeliness: to reduce waiting time and delays for the person seeking care to provide quality services on time. This can avoid severe health conditions. Efficiency: to avoid any waste of resources such as the waste of equipment, energy, and supplies. Patient-centeredness: to provide care that respects the values, beliefs and preferences of the patient. Effectiveness: to provide health care services based on the scientific knowledge so that the patient could get most benefit from the health care services. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people have as much right over the quality health care services as any other citizen of our country. They should be treated equally in a culturally safe environment where they do not feel reluctant in sharing their health concerns. Their values and beliefs should be honored. Programs that include Aboriginal studies should be introduced in the education system at the base level so that health care providers can understand the culture and protocols of the Aboriginal people in depth (Molloy and Grootjans, 2014). Conclusion Every individual of our country demands an equal right to avail good health care facilities, but the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people are still not getting the quality care services. Unfortunately, the inborn racial attitude and colonial mentality towards the Aboriginal people of our country are taking some time to change. There are various barriers such as language, culture, lack of local transport system that restricts the Aboriginal people from availing the quality health care services. Health care providers are not fully aware of the protocols of the Aboriginal people and thus, I think education regarding the cultural safety is needed to be introduced at the root level in the education system. References Chapman, R., Smith, T. and Martin, C. (2014). Qualitative exploration of the perceived barriers and enablers to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people accessing healthcare through one Victorian Emergency Department. Contemporary Nurse, 48(1), pp.48-58. Nangala, S. (2008). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health: today's challenges, tomorrow's opportunities. Aust. Health Review, 32(2), p.302. Abs.gov.au. (2016). 4704.0 - The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Oct 2010. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/lookup/4704.0Chapter960Oct+2010 [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. Hayman, N. and Armstrong, R. (2014). Health services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: handle with care. Med J Aust, 200(11), p.613. McBain-Rigg, K. and Veitch, C. (2011). Cultural barriers to health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in Mount Isa. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 19(2), pp.70-74. Sajiv, C. (2013). Cultural considerations when providing care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (ATSI) opting for conservative care. Nephrology, p.n/a-n/a. Hayman, N. (2011). Improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's access to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Aust Prescr, 34(2), pp.38-40. Willis, E., Smye, V. and Rameka, M. (2006). Advances in indigenous health care. Sydney: EContent Management Pty Ltd. Molloy, L. and Grootjans, J. (2014). The Ideas of Frantz Fanon and Culturally Safe Practices for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in Australia. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35(3), pp.207-211. Fredericks, B. (2006). Which way? Educating for nursing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Contemporary Nurse, 23(1), pp.87-99.

The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus Essay Example

The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus Paper Carabao Manure THE EFFICIENCY OF CARABAO MANURE WITH EXTRACT OF EUCALYPTUS (Eucalyptus cinerea) AND LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citrates) LEAVES AS AN ALTERNATIVE MOSQUITO REPELLANT Background of the Study Dengue victims are abundantly spreading in our society and they are caused by the known Aedes aegypti. These mosquitoes are merely found in places where there are abandoned tires and containers filled with stagnant water, Mosquitoes are also known as the most dangerous killers in the world where they can victimize an approximate of 2 to 3 million people in a year. Mostly found on leading stores are expensive commercial chemical mosquito repellants. Carabao manure definition These mosquito repellants may contain toxic chemicals that can cause respiratory diseases to us, human beings. In connection with this, we must also consider that not all of us can afford to purchase these said mosquito repellants. These commercialized mosquito repellants contain toxins like DEET ( N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide ) that are widely used by most residents in our community. Objectives of the Study This study is designed to produce an alternative mosquito repellant out of carabo manure with extract of lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves combined together. Carabao manure components We will write a custom essay sample on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Efficiency of Carabao Manure with Extract of Eucalyptus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions a. What are the chemical components of carabao manure combined with lemon grass and eucalyptus extract that would repel the mosquitoes? b. Is the carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract effective compared to the chemical commercial mosquito repellant? c. What are the effects of chemical components from carabao manure combined with lemongrass to the environment and to human beings? d. Is the natural alternative mosquito repellant safe to human beings and to the environment? Assumptions and Hypotheses: 1. The carabao manure combined with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant is efficient. 2. The materials used to make an alternative natural mosquito repellant are adequate. 3. The natural mosquito repellants is as effective as the commercial chemical repellants. Hypotheses: 1. There is a significant difference between the commercial chemical mosquito repellent and the natural mosquito repellent. 2. There is relative effectiveness of the natural mosquito repellant and the commercial chemical mosquito repellant. Definition of Terms: DEET- N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide; slightly yellow oil; most common active ingredient in insect repellants. Eucalyptus- a diverse genus of flowing trees in the myrtle family, Mytaceae; members of the genus dominate the tree flora of Australia. Dengue Fever- it is also known as break bone fever, an acute febrile infectious disease caused by the dengue virus; dengue is usually transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Carabao Manure- a good organic fertilizer; contains 18. 5% nitrogen, 43. 7% phosphoric acid and 9. potash; a good source of fuel either as dried dung, or in generating biogas or methane. Lemongrass- traditionally used by Indians as a medicine; has numerous uses and properties in aromatherapy. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. The aspects looked into were the components of carabao manure with extract of lemongrass and eucalyptus that would repel the mosquitoes and the nature of mosquitoes. Related studies about carabao manure Population or Universe: Locale of the study:MMSU-LHS-SC Period of the study:S. Y. 2010-2011 Bibliography http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aedes_aegypti http://chemistry. about. com/bio/Anne-Marie-Helmenstine-Ph-D-7815. htm Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 388 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street,Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 139 Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street,Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 83 Related Literature and Studies It has been found out that Dengue fever is also known as breakbone fever, an acute febrile infectious disease caused by the dengue virus; dengue is usually transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Footnotes: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aedes_aegypti It has been found out that carabao manure is a good organic fertilizer; contains 18. 5% nitrogen, 43. 7% phosphoric acid, and 9. 6 potash; a good ource of fuel either as dried dung, or in generating biogas or methane. Footnotes: http://chemistry. about. com/bio/Anne-Marie-Helmenstine-Ph-D-7815. htm It has been found out that lemongrass is traditionally used by Indians as a medicine; has numerous uses and properties in aromatherapy. Footnotes: Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 388 Que zon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 It has been found out that observation is the most direct way and the most widely used in studying behavior. Footnotes: Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 139 It has been found out that DEET ( N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide ) is the most common active ingredient in insect repellants. Footnotes: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aedes_aegypti Eucalyptus is a diverse genus of flowin trees in the myrtle family, Mytaceael members of the genus dominate the tree flora of Australia. Footnotes: Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, Published by: JMC PRESS, INC. 88 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, 1978 According to Manuel and Medel, the basic purpose of experimental research is to discover the influence of one or more factors upon a condition, group or situation, purpose in which is to discover â€Å"What will be. † Footnotes: Jose F. Calderon, Ed. D; Gonzales, Expectacion C, Coordinator; Methods of Research and Thesis Writing; Published by: Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg, 125 Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City 1550, p. 83 Method of Collecting Data: The method of collecting data used was the observation. This is concerned in gathering information for a research, may be defined as perceiving data through the senses: sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell. Observation is used to be able to gather directly, first-hand information about the subject of study. Methodology: Materials Used: The materials used in the study were: 1. Lemongrass leaves 2. Eucalyptus leaves 3. Carabao manure 4. Mortar and pestle 5. Containers 6. Strainers Procedure To produce the extract of lemongrass and eucalyptus, first washed the fresh lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves thoroughly and used the mortar and pestle to crush the leaves into fine particles. Second, squeezed the crushed leaves to get the extract. Next, the extract is strained using a strainer. Fourth, combine the extract with the carabao manure. Next, mold the carabao manure with extract in any shape you want as long as it can serve as an alternative mosquito coil. Lastly, let the carabao manure with extract be dried. Method of Research: The experimental method of research was used in this study. Experimental research is a highly controlled procedure in which manipulated treatments or actions from a factor or condition, called the experimental or independent ariable, are applied upon another factor of condition, called the dependent variable, to determine the effect of the farmer upon the latter, all other factors of variables being kept constant or equal so that any change in the dependent variable is attributable only to the experimental or independent variable. The basic purpose of experimental research is to discover the influence of one or more factors upon a condit ion, group, or situation, purpose of which is to discover â€Å"what will be. Since the study is concerned with the efficiency of carabao manure with extract of lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves as an alternative mosquito repellant, the experimental method of research was the most appropriate method to use because it seeks to discover what will be the result and how effective it is. Conceptual Framework Output Natural Alternative Mosquito Repellant Process Extraction of Leaves Mixing Lemongrass extract and Eucalyptus extract with Carabao Manure Drying of Carabao Manure Inputs Lemongrass Leaves Eucalyptus Leaves Carabao Manure

SSA Demanding Disabled Man Pay Back $18,000 in Benefits

SSA Demanding Disabled Man Pay Back $18,000 in Benefits Oregon Couple Claims SSA Seeks Repayment of Benefits An older Oregon couple- he with a degenerative muscle disease and she with a rare form of cancer- claim they are now entangled in a battle with the Social Security Administration (SSA) as they battle for their lives. A detailed article on the couples claims is available here.Last year, the SSA sent the couple a letter indicating the agency was reviewing the couples Social Security Disability (SSD) payments. Months later, they say the SSA sent another letter in which they announced the discontinuation of the husbands SSD and Medicare benefits- which they stated in fine print should have ended last summer.According to the couple, the SSA is also demanding the return of over $18,000 in benefits received since that time. When they tried to apply for a waiver of the repayment requirement, the couple claims the SSA told them to consider selling their house and car.About SSD BenefitsCurrently, applicants who have been approved by the SSA to receive SSD benefits receive, on average, $1,197 e ach month. The typical range for monthly payments is between $700 and $1,700. The SSA reviews and approves each case on an individual basis. The SSA considers previous earnings, current earnings and an applicants dependents- if any- when assigning a value to a claim.  We Can HelpIf you are disabled and unable to work, call Disability Attorneys of Michigan for a free confidential consultation. We’ll let you know if we can help you get a monthly check and help you determine if any money or assets you receive could impact your eligibility for disability benefits.Disability Attorneys of Michigan works hard every day helping the disabled of Michigan seek the Social Security Disability and Veterans Disability benefits they need. If you are unable to work due to a physical, mental or cognitive impairment; call Disability Attorneys of Michigan now for a free consultation at 800-949- 2900.Let Michigan’s experienced disability law firm help you get the benefits you deserve.Dis ability Attorneys of Michigan, Compassionate Excellence. Michigan Social Security Disability Attorneys, Social Security Disability, Social Security Disability Benefits, Social Security Disability Help, social security disability lawyers

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE - Essay Example This results in organizational politics which may be good or bad for the company depending on the intent of those playing politics. Some play a fair game and for the benefit of the organization while others play politics to achieve personal ends. The question that begs answers therefore, is; is it possible or desirable to eliminate organizational politics? In this essay, I will argue that it is not possible to eliminate organizational politics as long as there are resources to be shared and it is not even desirable to do so as it supports company growth. Organizational politics is defined by Griffin and Moorhead (2013: 387) as â€Å"the activities carried out by people to acquire, enhance and use power and other resources to obtain desired outcomes in a situation where there is uncertainty or disagreement.† Power is very vital in organizations as it determines who gets what, when and how and as such it is not unusual to find employees especially managers fighting for power so as to gain control (Gilmore & Williams 2013: 80). Sometimes power is achieved by the mere fact of a persons position in the organization (legitimate, coercive & reward power) hence those in power use all means to reserve it or gain it by ascending to a position of authority. This entails engaging in political behavior to achieve such ends especially if they feel their position is threatened. This political behavior (Cavanaugh, Moberg and Velasques 1981: 368) can be used for ethical or unethical purposes and should be avoided if it does not respect the ri ghts of all affected parties, does not respect canons of justice and does not lead to efficient optimization of satisfaction of interests inside and outside organization. Although it may be unethical, Griffin and Moorhead (2013: 388) argue that trying to eliminate political behavior will seldom, if ever, work. Instead, this may increase the behavior due to resulting uncertainty and ambiguity. They argue that politics may provide possible